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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
Timewatch 2004 The Lost Liner And The Empires Gold
 Information "This is the most exciting wreck we have gone for. You can?t beat the old steamers and their sense of history and this one has a good cargo which adds romanticism to it, mirroring the Titanic storyline" Moya Crawford The liner Persia left London on 18th December 1915, and was about 70 miles off the coast of Crete at 1.10pm on the 30th of that month when it was torpedoed without warning by U-38. The target was struck on the port bow and 5 minutes later the boiler blew up and the ship was lost. Of 501 persons aboard there were only 167 survivors, most of whom were picked up by a trawler around 30 hours after the attack.  Ever since an English couple, Alexandra and Moya Crawford, claims to have spotted the debris of the sunken ship that is believed to have carried the treasure of late Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala, lying at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea for the past 85 years, widespread interest and speculation about the story has been generated. This interest is comparable to the discovery of Titanic?s remains, which led to the making of a 14 Oscar-winning celluloid magnum opus. Before the Maharaja could set foot on the ill-fated ship, S.S. Persia, information came to him from a secret source that the Germans were planning to target the ship. This eleventh hour tip-off sent waves of consternation amongst the royal entourage. While serious deliberations on the possible strategies were going on, Inder Singh proposed that the Maharaja along with some chosen companions stay back in Marsailles and take another ship, while he himself offered to sail in the ?targeted? ship. This ship carried all personal belongings of the Maharaja and a significant portion of his jewellery. The Maharaja?s sunken treasure, amassed in London and the USA, was worth ? 1 million at that time.Comprising gold and silver bullion, gemstones and jewellery, its value could be as much as ? 50 million today. While the impressive bearing of Inder Singh, still conveyed the dubious impression of an Indian celebrity travelling on the ship, the Maharaja himself not on board. As the ship stretched its legs in the Mediterranean sea and came near the Greek island of Crete, it was hit by a German submarine on December 30, 1915.  Inder Singh, though a middle-aged man at that time, enjoyed robust health and could swim at length. While the passengers of the torpedoed ship jumped into the water for safety and consequently met with a watery grave, Inder Singh was lucky enough to spot a big wooden raft falling off the ship. He swam up to it and perched himself atop this ?floating stretcher?. He floated in the freezing saline waters of the sea for three days till a rescue ship came looking for survivors. The injured Inder Singh was taken to an island hospital where he was given the much-needed medical relief. Among the notable survivors was John Walter Edward Scot Montague (known as Lord Montague of Beaulieu), an automobile pioneer in England and editor of the illustrated magazine The Car. His girl friend and secretary, Eleanour V. Thornton, a paragon of beauty on whom was modelled the mascot of the Rolls Royce car radiator, unfortunately drowned and could not be saved. Lord Montague was thought to have been killed, too, but survived and was rescued. On his return to England, he read the obituary articles in the newspapers about his demise. Among those died were four English nuns bound for Karachi. The Maharaja, having providentially avoided travelling in the ill-fated S.S. Persia, left by Dutch boat Prinz Due Nederland for Egypt, where he changed into the ship Medina and arrived safely in Mumbai on January 18, 1916.  Technical Specs Video Source: DVBc > MPEG2 > Divx Video Codec: Divx 5.21 Video Bitrate: 1903 kb/s Video Resolution: 704x528 (1.33:1) Video Aspect Ratio: 4:3 Audio Codec: MP3 Audio BitRate: 128 kb/s (64/ch) CBR 48000 Hz RunTime: 48m 04s Part Size: 700mb Ripped by jvt40 Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/20173130/ttllateg.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20173255/ttllateg.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20173431/ttllateg.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20173554/ttllateg.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20173676/ttllateg.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20173818/ttllateg.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20173955/ttllateg.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20174009/ttllateg.part8.rar pass: calek Ostatnio edytowane przez majkipl ; 12.03.2007 o 17:20.        |
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11.02.2007, 23:48
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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
BBC Icemen
 Information BBC 1998 Icemen Icemen is a fascinating investigation of man's relationship with the Arctic - one of the most hostile environments in the world and, for the last hundred years, a magnet for explorers. The men who came here encountered a world of towering ice and howling winds, of eerie fog and beautiful mirages. Some came for glory, some for wealth, and some as a result of their sheer determination to succeed. Many swore they would never return, but for a few the Arctic became an obsession. Even today, the Arctic is steeped in controversy. Who was the first man to see the North Pole? Was it Robert Peary, Frederick Cook, or the crew of a Norwegian airship? Did a British Arctic expedition really resort to cannibalism? How did a Swedish balloonist meet his gruesome death? Icemen reveals all about the ambitious expeditions that set off to explore the imposing, vast Arctic territory. Along the way, it tells the stories not only of the search for the Northwest passage by the British John Ross, John Franklin, and William Edward Parry and the controversial race to the North Pole by the Americans Robert Peary and Frederick Cook, but also the feats of other inspired explorers, including the ill-fated balloon trip of Swedish Salomon Andree, the harrowing airship flight of Norwegian Roald Amundsen, American Lincoln Ellsworth, and Italian Umberto Nobile, and Gino Watkins' British Arctic Air Route Expedition of 1931 1. Race To The Pole The North Pole is a desolate place. But it's at the top of the world and holds magnetic allure. Two explorers made mad dashes for it in 1908 and 1909. Within five days of each other, both Frederick Cook and Robert Peary claimed to have gotten there first. Together they inspired a bitter and never-ending controversy about who is the real Columbus of the Arctic.  2. Frozen Skies First to try to reach North Pole by air was Swedish Salomon Andree with his two-men crew , who lifted off Dane Island, Spitzbergen, Norway on July 11, 1897 with his rope-guided balloon Ornen (Eagle).  Next to try was then already famous Norvegian Roald Amundsen who with Chicago millionaire Lincoln Ellsworth set up Polar Expedition by using two huge Dornier-Wal flying boats , best money could buy in that time and on May 21 1925 the two planes took off from Spitsbergen headed for Alaska.  Umberto Nobile was the pilot and designer of the airship Norge (Norway). He, Roald Amundsen and Lincoln Ellsworth became the first explorers to fly over the North Pole in an airship (May 11-13, 1926). However, Nobile wanted to make an all-Italian flight to the Pole. He planned to fly the airship Italia from Spitzbergen and land at the Pole.  3. The Cold Front In 1930, Sir Hubert Wilkins acquired the submarine O-12 from the US Navy. He outfitted her and renamed her Nautilus, and prepared an undersea expedition to the North Pole. The leader of the scientific staff was Harald U. Sverdrup, who was to make measurements from a specially rigged diving compartment. The submarine headed north into the pack ice north of Spitsbergen in August 1931, but when the diving plane became damaged, the submarine could no longer cruise very far under the ice, and was relegated to making oceanographic observations outside of the ice pack. However, the Nautilus did make several short runs under ice, indicating that submarines could feasibility operate in and under the ice pack. On July 30, 1958, USS Skate began a voyage to the Arctic Circle under Commander James F. Calvert. Over the course of ten days during which she sailed 2,400 miles and surfaced through the ice nine times, she became the second ship after USS Nautilus to reach the North Pole. In March 1959, she headed to the Arctic for a second time to develop operational capabilities for submarines at periods of extreme cold and ice thickness. On March 17, Skate surfaced at the North Pole?the first ship to be on the surface at the Pole?and there committed the ashes of Arctic explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins.  Technical Specs Video Source: DVBc > MPEG2 > Divx Video Codec: Divx 5.21 Video Bitrate: 1876 kb/s Video Resolution: 688x512 (1.34:1) Video Aspect Ratio: 4:3 Audio Codec: MP3 Audio BitRate: 128 kb/s (64/ch) CBR 48000 Hz RunTime Per Part: 49m Number Of Parts: 3 Part Size: 700mb Ripped by jvt40 Kod:
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11.02.2007, 23:50
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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
David Attenborough's The Living Planet
  Information Originally broadcast in 1984 The Living Planet followed five years after David Attenborough's first wildlife blockbuster series, Life on Earth. This was an equally ambitious 12-part documentary that spanned the globe with portraits of each of the major geographical regions that offer a home to life. Attenborough demonstrates how even in the most hostile of environments, from the volcanic "Furnaces of the Earth" to "The Frozen World" of mountains and tundra, the Arctic and Antarctic, live maintains a foothold. He takes us to "The Northern Forests", the "Jungle", "Seas of Grass" and "The Baking Deserts" and ever the genial host, details how in all its endless diversity, life is ingeniously suited to its surroundings. With breathtaking imagery we meet our fellow inhabitants, from penguins to polar bears, lions to scorpions, oaks to eagles, and journey on to "The Open Ocean" and the "New Worlds", which mankind itself is rapidly fashioning through ever more radical technological change. The series ends with an impassioned environmental plea which rings even more urgent now than in 1984. "Our planet, the Earth, is, as far as we know, unique in the universe. It contains life. Even in its most barren stretches, there are animals. Around the equator, where those two essentials for life, sunshine and moisture, are most abundant, great forests grow. And here plants and animals proliferate in such numbers that we still have not even named all the different species. Here, animals and plants, insects and birds, mammals and man live together in intimate and complex communities, each dependent on one another. Two thirds of the surface of this unique planet are covered by water, and it was here indeed that life began. From the oceans, it has spread even to the summits of the highest mountains as animals and plants have responded to the changing face of the Earth." — David Attenborough’s opening narration 1. "The Building of the Earth" Broadcast 19 January 1984, the first episode begins in the world’s deepest valley: that of the Kali Gandaki river in the Himalayas. Its temperatures range from those of the tropics in its lower reaches to that of the poles higher up. It therefore shows how creatures become adapted to living in certain environments. The higher that Attenborough travels, the more bleak and mountainous is the terrain, and the more suited to it are the animals that live there. However, such adaptations are comparatively recent: these mountains were formed from the sea bed some 65 million years ago. To show the force of nature responsible for this, Attenborough stands in front of an erupting volcano in Iceland and handles a piece of basalt; the Giant's Causeway is an example of what happens to it over a great length of time. The Icelandic volcanoes represent the northern end of a fissure that is mostly underwater and runs down one side of the globe, forming volcanic islands en route where it is above sea level. It is such activity, known as plate tectonics, from deep within the Earth that pulled apart Africa and South America and created the Atlantic Ocean. Footage of the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 shows what decimation it caused. However, this pales in comparison to the destruction caused by Krakatoa in 1883, which Attenborough relates in detail. When such pressure beneath the Earth shifts, it results in hot springs and caverns — which themselves support life. 2. "The Frozen World" Broadcast 26 January 1984, this programme describes the inhospitable habitats of snow and ice. Mount Rainier in America is an example of such a place: there is no vegetation, therefore no herbivores and thus no carnivores. However, beneath its frosty surface, algae grow and some insects, such as ladybirds visit the slopes. Africa’s mountains are permanently snow-covered, and beneath peaks such as Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya, there are communities of plants and animals. However, they endure extremes of temperature within 24 hours like no other. At night they are in danger of freezing solid, and during the day they may be robbed of moisture. Lobelias combat this by either producing pectin or insulating themselves with an abundance of leaves that simulate the effect of a fur coat. The Andes run the length of South America and are surrounded by the altiplano. On these high plains there is a large and varied population of animals. Antarctica is bigger than the whole of Europe and is for the most part devoid of life. However, its shores and waters are fertile and are home to fur seals, their main food (krill), and several species of penguin. By contrast, because of its connection to more temperate regions, the Arctic has been colonised by a large variety of species. They include arctic foxes, polar bears, lemmings, snowy owls, and the region’s most powerful hunter, the Inuit. It is also a temporary home to migratory animals, such as the caribou and snow goose. 3. "The Northern Forests" Broadcast 2 February 1984, the next instalment examines the northern coniferous forests. The programme begins in northern Norway, 500 kilometres north of the Arctic Circle. Here, there is only just enough light for the pine trees to survive, but it is extremely cold during the winter. Pine cone seeds provide one of the few foods available at this time of year, and large herbivores such as the moose must also rely on their fat reserves. 4. "Jungle" Broadcast 16 February 1984, this episode is devoted to the jungles of the tropics. Attenborough ascends a kapok in the South American tropical rainforest to observe "the greatest proliferation of life that you can find anywhere on Earth." There are two main causes for this: warmth and wetness. As this climate is constant, there are no seasons, so trees vary greatly in their flowering cycles. However, each species does so at the same time and, because of the lack of wind, relies on birds and insects for pollination. Bromeliads have their own population of visitors, largely due to their chalice-like rosettes of leaves that hold water. This is used by some for drinking, or, as in the case of the poison dart frog, for depositing tadpoles. Attenborough also highlights those species that have perfected the art of camouflage, including phasmids. 5. "Seas of Grass" Broadcast 23 February 1984, this programme looks at a plant of which there are some 10,000 species and which covers over a quarter of vegetated land: the grasses. It is a plant that keeps growing despite continuous grazing — because a grass leaf grows at its base, which is permanently active. At such low levels, lizards prey on insects, praying mantis eat grasshoppers, spiders hunt anything they can and dung beetles clear up the mess. Termites are among the most successful: in the savannah of Brazil, there are more termite mounds per acre than anywhere else — and where they flourish, the anteater follows. At dawn on the Brazilian campo, many open-nesting birds are vulnerable to species such as the tegu. 6. "The Baking Deserts" Broadcast 1 March 1984, the next instalment explores the world of deserts. It begins in the largest, the Sahara, where the highest land temperatures have been recorded. Rock paintings depict creatures such as giraffes and antelopes, suggesting that at one point there was enough vegetation to support them. Now, such life has all but disappeared, with the exception of the cypress, whose roots find water deep underground. Since the night brings low temperatures, many of the creatures that live there are nocturnal. They include fennecs, geckos, jerboas and caracals. A scorpion is shown fighting a black widow spider. During the day, the desert belongs to the reptiles, which rely on the sun to warm their bodies. 7. "The Sky Above" Broadcast 8 March 1984, this episode deals with the air and those creatures that spend most of their lives in it. Attenborough begins in NASA’s gravity research aircraft to illustrate the effect of weightlessness. There are surprisingly many plants whose seeds are, in effect, lighter than air. Gossamer is the animal equivalent, spun by tiny spiders. Only the very smallest plants and animals can defy gravity, but some seeds, such as those of the sycamore, cheat this by simulating the movement of a helicopter. Many creatures are expert gliders, such as the flying frog and some species of lizard. However, those that live at grass level must use powered flight, sometimes aided with a leap, as with the grasshopper. Attenborough observes albatrosses in South Georgia exploiting the air currents above cliffs to glide all day. Heavy birds like vultures wait for the land to heat up and provide thermals before they attempt any lengthy flight. The techniques of diving birds, such as the gannet or the peregrine falcon, are shown. Migratory birds are also explored in detail, and a multitude assembles above Panama each autumn. The red-breasted goose migrates entirely overland, and so can stop for fuel every night — unlike those that cross the open ocean. Finally, Attenborough ascends 6.5 kilometres into the atmosphere in a hot air balloon. It is this space that contains the Earth’s weather, and satellite imagery is used to illustrate the formation of hurricanes and tornados. 8. "Sweet Fresh Water" Broadcast 15 March 1984, this programme focuses on fresh water habitats. Only 3% of the world’s water is fresh, and Attenborough describes the course the Amazon, starting high up in the Andes of Peru, whose streams flow into the great river. Young rivers are by nature vigorous and dangerous: they flow fast and form rapids, thick with mud and sediment. They accumulate sand and gravel en route, and this erodes all but the hardest surrounding rocks. The Yellow River of China carries the most sediment of any river. By the time it has settled down and fallen over its last cascade, the water becomes tranquil and rich with nutrients from its banks. It begins to form lakes, and where the water flows into basins created by geological faults, they can be immense. When water reaches such areas, it loses its impetus and drops its sediment, potentially making it very fertile. Lake Baikal in Russia is the deepest: 1,500 metres. In addition, 80% of its inhabitants are unique, including the Baikal seal. There are many examples of creatures that thrive in such an environment. Predators lie in wait above the surface (kingfishers), below it (turtles), on it (water boatmen), and at its edge (fishing spiders). In its final stages, a river’s tributaries are liable to burst their banks and flood. However, some have made a virtue of this: the Marsh Arabs of Iraq construct their buildings on rafts of reeds. This allows fish, pelicans and humans to flourish in a single community. 9. "The Margins of the Land" Broadcast 22 March 1984, this instalment details coastal environments and the effect of tides, of which the highest can be found in the Bay of Fundy in North America. In places, erosion is causing the land to retreat, while in others — such as the tropics — the expansion of mangroves causes it to advance. Mussels keep their shells closed at low tide to deter attackers but the oystercatcher is adept at dealing with them. Other estuary wading birds, which have developed a multitude of techniques for gathering food from mud flats, include godwits, curlews, dunlins, ringed plovers and avocets. While glasswort grows on many European tidal banks, the mangroves of the tropics are extensive. The largest forest is in the Sundarbans at the mouth of the Ganges River and is 370 square metres in size. Where waves meet rocks and cliffs, the bands between low and high tides are narrow, and creatures have developed according to their dietary and safety needs. Mussels are preyed on by starfish, and so ensure that they are out of reach at low tide. Barnacles are higher still and feed on microscopic particles. On a Costa Rican beach, Attenborough observes female Ridley turtles arriving at the rate of some 5,000 an hour to deposit their eggs. Finally, he discovers the largest turtle, the giant leatherback, also laying eggs. He remarks that despite its great size, little is known about it — except that its eggs are easily plundered, thus making it an endangered species. 10. "Worlds Apart" Broadcast 29 March 1984, this episode investigates remote islands and their inhabitants. Some islands are tips of volcanoes; others are coral atolls. Those that colonise them transform into new species with comparative speed. Attenborough visits Aldabra in the Indian Ocean, which is 400 kilometres from the African coast. It has a vast population of sooty terns, which enjoy a degree of protection from predators that is unavailable on the mainland. The giant tortoise has also proliferated, despite the inhospitable nature of the landscape. Many island birds become flightless, including the Aldabran rail and the extinct dodo of Mauritius. Living in such isolation seems to allow some species to outgrow their mainland cousins, and Attenborough observes a group of feeding Komodo dragons at close quarters. The volcanic islands of Hawaii have become rich in vegetation and and therefore a multitude of colonists: for example, there are at least 800 species of drosophila that are unique to the area. Polynesians reached Hawaii several thousand years ago, and their sea-going culture enabled them to reach many Pacific islands, including Easter Island, where they carved the Moai, and New Zealand: the ancestors of the Maori. Attenborough highlights the kakapo as a species that was hunted to near-extinction. It is a facet of animal island dwellers that they have developed no means of self-defence, since their only predators are those that have been introduced by humans. 11. "The Open Ocean" Broadcast 5 April 1984, this programme concentrates on the marine environment. Attenborough goes underwater himself to observe the ocean's life forms and comment on them at first hand. He states that those that live on the sea bed are even more varied than land inhabitants. Much sea life is microscopic, and such creatures are collectively known as plankton. Some animals are filter feeders and examples include the manta ray, the basking shark and the largest, the whale shark. Bony fish with their swim bladders and manoeuvrable fins dominate the seas, and the tuna is hailed as the fastest hunter, but the superiority of these types of fish did not go unchallenged: mammals are also an important component of ocean life. Killer whales, dolphins, narwhals and humpback whales are shown, as well as a school of beluga whales, which congregate annually in a bay in the Canadian Arctic — for reasons unknown. Marine habitats can be just as diverse as those on dry land. Attenborough surmises that the coral reef, with its richness of life, is the water equivalent of the jungle. Where the breezes of the Gulf Stream meet those of the Arctic, the resulting currents churn up nutrients, which lead to vegetation, the fish that eat it, and others that eat them. Attenborough remarks that it is man who has been most responsible for changing ocean environments by hunting relentlessly, but in doing so has also created new ones for himself — and this leads to the final episode. 12. "New Worlds" Broadcast 12 April 1984, the final instalment surveys those environments that have been created by and for humans. Man has spread to all corners of the globe — not because he has evolved to suit his surroundings, but because he has exploited the adaptations of other animal species. Despite being in existence for 500,000 years, it was not until 9,000 years ago that man began to create his own habitat, and in Beidha, in Jordan, Attenborough examines the remains of one of the earliest villages. Its inhabitants owned animals, and this domestication spread to Europe, eventually arriving in Britain. Much of the UK's landscape is man-made: for example, the South Downs were once a forest and the Norfolk Broads are the flooded remains of pits dug 600 years ago. Man also shaped his land by ridding himself of certain species and introducing others. He changed plants by harvesting them: the vast wheat fields of America now constitute a monoculture, where no other species are permitted. The same can be said for cities, which were constructed entirely for man's benefit. While humans are good at managing unwanted species (such as rats and other vermin), Attenborough argues that man has failed to look after natural resources and highlights the ignorance in assuming that the Earth has an infinite capacity to absorb waste. The now acidic, lifeless lakes of Scandinavia are examples that are "shameful monuments to our carelessness and lack of concern." "Immensely powerful though we are today, it's equally clear that we’re going to be even more powerful tomorrow. And what's more there will be greater compulsion upon us to use our power as the number of human beings on Earth increases still further. Clearly we could devastate the world. […] As far as we know, the Earth is the only place in the universe where there is life. 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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
The Life of Birds
 Information This Magnificent series celebrates the incredible variety of the world\'s best loved creatures and provides fresh insight into their fascinating way of life. Three years in the making, David Attenborough travelled around the globe, visiting 42 countries from the Arctic to Antarctica to uncover the private life of these conquerors of the air. Birds take centre-stage for the first time and turn out to be remarkably bright and engaging creatures. Apart from their advanced acrobatic skills, they have some bizarre ways of finding food and getting a mate. In Japan, crows crack open nuts with the help of cars and in Australia, choughs gang up and kidnap their neighbours young. Far from the comfortable image of birds singing away in British gardens and swimming on ponds, humble hedge sparrows are cheating on their mates and coots are killing their young! The Life of Birds is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough, first transmitted in the UK from 21 October 1998. A study of the evolution and habits of birds, it was the third of Attenborough's specialised surveys following his major trilogy that began with Life on Earth. Each of the ten 50-minute episodes discusses how the huge variety of birds in the world deal with a different aspect of their day-to-day existence. The series was produced in conjunction with BBC Worldwide Americas Inc. and PBS. The executive producer was Mike Salisbury and the music was composed by Ian Butcher and Steven Faux. Part of Attenborough's 'Life' series of programmes, it was preceded by The Private Life of Plants (1995), and followed by The Life of Mammals (2002). Before the latter was transmitted, David Attenborough presented State of the Planet (2000) and narrated The Blue Planet (2001). "Birds are the most accomplished aeronauts the world has ever seen. They fly high and low, at great speed, and very slowly. And always with extraordinary precision and control." — David Attenborough’s opening narration 1. "To Fly or Not to Fly?" Broadcast 21 October 1998, the first episode looks at how birds first took to the skies in the wake of the insects. It begins in Mexico, where Attenborough observes bats being outmanoeuvred by a red-tailed hawk. Pterosaurs were the birds' forerunners, some 150 million years after dragonflies developed the means of flight. The former evolved into archaeopteryx, the first creature to possess feathers. Its ancestry can be traced through reptiles, and some current species, such as the flying lizard, share characteristics. One of the biggest birds to have ever existed was the terror bird, which proliferated after dinosaurs vanished and stood up to 2.5 metres tall. By comparison, the ostrich, while not closely related, is the largest and heaviest living bird. It was probably the evasion of predators that drove most birds into the air, so their flightless cousins evolved because they had few enemies. Accordingly, such species are more likely to be found on islands, and Attenborough visits New Zealand to observe its great variety, most especially the kiwi. Also depicted is the moa, another huge creature that is now gone. The takahe is extremely rare, and high in the mountains of New Zealand, Attenborough discovers one from a population of only 40 pairs. Finally, another example on the brink of extinction is the kakapo, which at one point numbered only 61 individuals. A male is heard calling — an immensely amplified deep note that can be heard at great distances from its nest. 2. "The Mastery of Flight" Broadcast 28 October 1998, the second programme deals with the mechanics of flight. Getting into the air is by far the most exhausting of a bird's activities, and Attenborough observes shearwaters in Japan that have taken to climbing trees to give them a good jumping-off point. The albatross is so large that it can only launch itself after a run-up to create a flow of air over its wings. A combination of aerodynamics and upward air currents (or thermals), together with the act of flapping or gliding is what keeps a bird aloft. Landing requires less energy but a greater degree of skill, particularly for a big bird, such as a swan. Weight is kept to a minimum by having a beak made of keratin instead of bone, a light frame, and a coat of feathers, which is maintained fastidiously. The peregrine falcon holds the record for being fastest in the air, diving at speeds of over 300 km/h. Conversely, the barn owl owes its predatory success to flying slowly, while the kestrel spots its quarry by hovering. However, the true specialists in this regard are the hummingbirds, whose wings beat at the rate of 25 times a second. The habits of migratory birds are explored. After stocking up with food during the brief summer of the north, such species will set off on huge journeys southwards. Some, such as snow geese, travel continuously, using both the stars and the sun for navigation. They are contrasted with hawks and vultures, which glide overland on warm air, and therefore have to stop overnight. 3. "The Insatiable Appetite" Broadcast 4 November 1998, the next instalment focuses on dietary needs and how different species have evolved beaks to suit their individual requirements. The latter come in a multitude of forms. Blue tits and goldfinches have beaks akin to tweezers, with which to extract seeds, while the hawfinch's razor-like bill can deal with a cherry-stone. However, the crossbill is the only finch that can twist its mandibles in opposite directions. Jays store acorns for winter by burying them in the ground, whereas woodpeckers can keep up to 60,000 of them in one tree trunk. Sap is also desirable, and there are a variety of methods used to obtain it. The hoatzin is the only specialised leaf-eater, and accordingly has a digestive system more akin to that of cattle. Plants recruit birds to aid pollination, and offer nectar as a reward. Hummingbirds eat little else, and the sword-bill's beak is the longest of any bird in relation to its body. Insects are also highly prized, and Galápagos finches are shown to possess some ingenuity as they not only strip bark, but also use 'tools' to reach their prey. Crows are hailed as being among the most intelligent birds, and one is shown using a twig to spear a grub within a fallen log. The robin is an opportunist, and Attenborough observes one seizing morsels as he digs a patch of earth. In South America, a cattle tyrant sits atop an obliging capybara and uses its vantage point to spot passing food that may be dislodged by its grazing partner. 4. "Meat-Eaters" Broadcast 11 November 1998, this episode examines those birds whose sustenance comes from flesh and their methods of hunting. In New Zealand, Attenborough observes keas — parrots that don't eat meat exclusively — raiding a shearwater's burrow for its chick. However, it is the dedicated birds of prey, such as owls, buzzards, eagles, falcons and vultures, to which much of the programme is devoted. In order to spot and pursue their victims, senses of sight and hearing are very acute. Vultures are the exception, in that they eat what others have left, and once a carcass is found, so many birds descend on it that the carrion is submerged beneath them. The turkey vulture is an anomaly within its group, as it also has a keen sense of smell. Eagles defend their territory vigorously, and a pair of sea eagles are shown engaging in an aerial battle. The Galápagos hawk hunts marine iguanas, but can only do so when its quarry is vulnerable, during the breeding season. The African harrier hawk has adapted to extracting burrowing animals by virtue of an especially long, double-jointed pair of legs. By contrast, a shrike is not equipped with the requisite sharp beak and talons needed for butchery, and so dismembers its kill by impaling it on the thorns of acacias. The lammergeier eats bones, and will drop them on to rocks from a great height in order to break them down to a more digestible size. Also featured are the sparrowhawk, goshawk and peregrine falcon. 5. "Fishing for a Living" Broadcast 18 November 1998, the next programme details river and ocean dwellers. The dipper swims completely below water to search for food, whereas the kingfisher uses a 'harpoon' technique, diving from a vantage point. However, the darter uses a combination of both methods, stalking its prey underwater before spearing it. By contrast, the reddish egret uses a kind of dance to flush out the aquatic inhabitants. Skimmers have different-sized mandibles, the lower one being used to skim the water's surface for small fish. Ducks have developed an assortment of angling skills. Some dabble, like the mallard, while others are of a more streamlined design and are at home underwater, such as the merganser. Waders, which specialise in feeding on mud flats at low tide, include avocets, godwits, dowitchers and sanderlings. The pelican feeds in groups, their pouch-like bills being more successful when used collectively. Boobies fish in the open ocean and are shown dive-bombing shoals en masse. Attenborough visits Lord Howe Island, off Australia, and by imitating the calls of various birds, invites a group of curious Providence petrels — which are indigenous — to investigate. Because there are no humans in their habitat, they are a very trusting species, as Attenborough discovers when one perches on his hand. Out on a seemingly empty area of ocean, the presenter is able to fill it with various sea birds within seconds, simply by throwing fish oil on to the water. 6. "Signals and Songs" Broadcast 25 November 1998, this instalment describes ways of communicating. A colony of fieldfares in Sweden deters a raven from raiding a nest by collectively raising an audible alarm. However, in an English wood, all species co-operate to warn each other surreptitiously of approaching danger. By contrast, a sunbittern is shown expanding its plumage to discourage a group of marauding hawks. The members of the finch family exemplify how colour aids recognition. Birds have excellent colour vision, and the feathers of many species react to ultraviolet light. Flocking birds, such as sparrows, also have a 'ranking system' that determines seniority. In Patagonia, Attenborough demonstrates the effectiveness of sound: he summons a Magellanic woodpecker by knocking on a tree. The nature of tropical rainforests means that their occupants tend to make much louder calls than those in other habitats, and several such species are shown. Saddlebacks vary their calls so that even individuals from different areas can be identified. The dawn chorus provides a mystery, as there is still much to learn about why so many different birds sing together at the same time of day. (Proclaiming territory or attracting mates are two likely reasons.) Finally, Attenborough introduces the superb lyrebird as one of the most versatile performers: it is a skilled mimic, and this particular one imitates not only other species, but also cameras, a car alarm and a chain saw. 7. "Finding Partners" Broadcast 2 December 1998, this programme discusses mating rituals. If a male bird is on the lookout for a partner and has a suitable nest, it must advertise the fact, either by its call, a visual display or both. The frigatebird provides an example of the latter, with its inflated throat pouch. The hornbill's courtship, among that of many others, also runs to the offer of a gift. For some species, dancing can also be an important component, and grebes are shown performing a pas de deux. The cock-of-the-rock, which dances solo within a group, is contrasted with the team performance of the manakin. Once trust has been established between a pair, mutual preening can follow. After mating, the individuals usually remain together to rear their eventual family. In this regard, the rea and the phalarope are highlighted as unusual because in both instances, it is the male that incubates the eggs. Some females judge a prospective companion on its nest-building ability, and this is a conspicuous part of the weaver's behaviour. The bowerbird puts on one of the most elaborate displays: a hut-like construction, completed by a collection of objects designed to impress. Competition among males can be fierce and in Scotland, Attenborough observes rival capercaillies engaging in battle — after one of them chases the presenter. Avian polygamy is not widespread, but is illustrated by the superb fairy-wren, where the male's family can easily comprise young that it did not father. 8. "The Demands of the Egg" Broadcast 9 December 1998, this episode explores the lengths to which birds will go to ensure that their chicks are brought into the world. Attenborough begins on an island in the Seychelles, where sooty terns, which have hitherto spent their lives on the wing, have landed to lay their eggs. This is a necessity for birds, as eggs are too heavy to be borne in the air for any considerable length of time. It is imperative that nests are kept as far away from predators as possible, and unusual locations for them are shown, such as: behind the water curtain of Iguazu Falls in South America (as chosen by swifts), cliffs on Argentina's coast favoured by parrots, an ants' nest occupied by a woodpecker, and a tree hole inside which a female hornbill seals itself. Eggs require warmth, and some nests are insulated by the owners' feathers, others from ones found elsewhere. External temperatures dictate how the eggs are incubated. The snowy owl has to do so itself, because of its habitat; however, the maleo is able to take advantage of solar heating. The amount of eggs laid also varies: for example, the kiwi lays just one, whereas the blue tit will deposit many. Their mottled surface serves to camouflage them. Birds that steal eggs include toucans and currawongs. A number of strategies are employed to deter the thieves, as illustrated by the yellow-rumped thornbill, which builds a decoy nest atop its actual one, and the plover, which distracts marauders by feigning injury. 9. "The Problems of Parenthood" Broadcast 16 December 1998, the penultimate instalment concentrates on the ways in which birds rear their offspring. Having successfully incubated their eggs, the moment arrives when they hatch — and then the real challenge begins: feeding the chicks. Lapland buntings and dippers are shown doing so virtually non-stop throughout the day. The Gouldian finch has a further problem in that its tree-hollow nest is dark inside, so its young have conspicuous markings inside their mouths for identification. Grebes are fed feathers with which to line the stomach, and so protect it from fish bones. Coots and pelicans are among those that turn on their own and force death by starvation if there is insufficient food. The European cuckoo famously tricks other species into raising its chick, but it is by no means alone in doing this. Protecting a family is also a priority, and Brent geese are shown nesting close to snowy owls as a means of insurance, but as soon as the eggs hatch, they and their young must flee to avoid giving their neighbours an easy meal. The million or so sooty terns in the Seychelles prove that there is safety in numbers and the nearby predatory egrets have little success when attempting to steal. The behaviour of Arabian babblers is more akin to that of a troop of monkeys: they do everything for the benefit of a group as a whole. Eventually the day will come when flight beckons, and the grown bird will leave the nest to start a family of its own. 10. "The Limits of Endurance" Broadcast 23 December 1998, the final programme investigates the challenges that must be surmounted if birds are to survive. The sandgrouse is a species that has adapted to desert living: its breast feathers are capable of absorbing water, which it can pass on to its young. The crab plover also nests in the sand, and burrows until it finds a comfortable temperature. Birds that choose remote places can proliferate hugely, like the flamingos on an African soda lake. Meanwhile, during winter, the entire world population of spectacled eiders can be found in just a few assemblies on patches of the Arctic Ocean. The city is a relatively recent habitat, but many have become accustomed to it, such as the American black vultures in Sao Paulo. In Japan, crows have learned to crack nuts by dropping them on to pedestrian crossings — and waiting for the traffic to stop before collecting them. In North America, purple martins have become totally dependent on humans for their nest sites. Attenborough highlights man's influence by describing the Pacific island of Guam, whose bird population was wiped out following the accidental introduction of brown tree snakes during the 1940s. Examples of species that were hunted to extinction are the huia, the great auk and, most famously, the dodo. However, there are conservation efforts being made, such as those for Australia's orange-bellied parrot, the pink pigeon and the echo parakeet (the latter two both of Mauritius). "Birds were flying from continent to continent long before we were. They reached the coldest place on Earth, Antarctica, long before we did. They can survive in the hottest of deserts. Some can remain on the wing for years at a time. They can girdle the globe. Now, we have taken over the earth and the sea and the sky, but with skill and care and knowledge, we can ensure that there is still a place on Earth for birds in all their beauty and variety — if we want to… And surely, we should." — David Attenborough, in closing Technical Specs Video Codec: DivX 5.1.1 Video Bitrate: 1762 kb/s Video Resolution: 640x480 Video Aspect Ratio: 4:3 Audio Codec: ac3 (0x2000) Dolby Laboratories, Inc Audio BitRate: 224 kb/s (112/ch, stereo) CBR Audio Channels: 2 RunTime Per Part: ~50minutes Number Of Parts: 10 Part Size: ~700MB Ripped by Red Kite Kod:
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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
The Life of Mammals
 Information David Attenborough and the BBC have a well-earned reputation for producing some of the greatest nature programmes, but The Life of Mammals could well be Attenborough's magnum opus. Much of the footage shot for this series had never been seen before, and is presented with the respect and reverence for the natural world that Attenborough has made his trademark. It never ceases to surprise: the sight of a lion taking down a wildebeest on the African savannah has almost become a clich of nature programmes, yet in The Life of Mammals the cameras keep rolling and the viewer witnesses the fallen animal's herd coming to its rescue and driving off the lion. It's a moving sight and just one of many remarkable scenes.  A thorough and entertaining overview of one of evolution's greatest success stories, the series is loosely structured to follow the development of mammals, beginning with the basics in "A Winning Design", which clarifies what makes a mammal different from reptiles and birds--no, it isn't egg-laying: both the platypus and the echidna are egg-laying mammals; it's their ability to adapt. And it's this adaptability that becomes the crux of the remainder of the series. "Insect Hunters" focuses on mammals who have specifically adapted to eating insects, from the giant anteater and the armoured armadillo to bats, which have evolved into complex and effective hunters. "Plant Predators" demonstrates the particular (and often peculiar) adaptations of herbivores, while "Chisellers" is about those mammals who feed primarily on roots and seeds, ranging from tree-dwelling squirrels to opportunistic mice and rats. "Meat Eaters" talks about the evolutionary arms race that exists between predators and prey, and the unique adaptations of both individual and pack hunters. Omnivores are explored in "Opportunists"--mammals like bears and raccoons, whose varied diet allows them to occupy nearly any environment. "Return to the Water" discusses those mammals such as whales, seals and dolphins that have left behind life on dry land and adapted completely to life in the sea, existing at the top of the food chain. The last three episodes--"Life in the Trees", "Social Climbers" and "Food for Thought"--take the viewer through the development of primates, eventually culminating in that most successful mammal: man    "Warm-bloodedness is one of the key factors that have enabled mammals to conquer the Earth, and to develop the most complex bodies in the animal kingdom. In this series, we will travel the world to discover just how varied and how astonishing mammals are." — David Attenborough, from episode one 1. "A Winning Design" Broadcast 20 November 2002, the first episode gives a general overview of mammals before moving on to monotremes and marsupials. Attenborough begins in the high Arctic, where he contrasts the Arctic fox's ability to live there all the time (thanks to its dense coat of fur) with his own need for protective clothing, despite them both being mammals. From there, he travels to Australia to illustrate the evolution of the species with the help of the echidna and the platypus. Both creatures, unlike all other mammals, lay eggs — similar to birds and reptiles — and have been around for 100 million years. With an optical probe, the inside of a platypus' nest is able to be shown for the first time. The defining characteristic of a marsupial is its pouch, inside which its young develop, having been born externally. Kangaroos and koalas are two examples that inhabit a warm environment, while the wombat demonstrates its ability to withstand a cold climate. Red kangaroos, in particular, are more at home in arid, desert-like conditions, while their grey cousins are sociable and prefer more temperate climes. The mammalian tongue is very adaptable, and those of numbats and honey possums have become greatly extended to enable the gathering of insects and nectar respectively. However, the most successful group of mammals are the placentals. Attenborough witnesses a wildebeest being born and explains both the dangers and advantages of this way of reproduction. 2. "Insect Hunters" Broadcast 27 November 2002, this programme discusses insectivores. Shrews are descendants of the earliest mammals, which were scurrying creatures that had a diet of insects. Their warm blood enabled them to hunt at night while dinosaurs slept; they nurtured their young and gave them milk. When the dinosaurs died out some 65 million years ago, the mammals' inherent features meant that they could proliferate. The shrews evolved: the elephant shrew is shown, alongside its prepared pathway of getaway routes; while others adapted further into species of mole. The increased relative size of armadillos came about because they broadened their diet. Other animals grew larger owing to more of their favoured nutrition being available: these include the giant anteater and the pangolin. However, Attenborough hails the evolution of the bat — a winged mammalian insect catcher that can navigate using echolocation — as being "magical". He ascends 3 kilometres into the night sky over Texas to investigate why there should be so many bats at such a height. It transpires that this is also where moths from the Tropics climb up to feed. Whereas the bats in Texas are forced to migrate in winter, Attenborough visits a cave in Canada where they stay all year round and go into deepest hibernation when the cold weather arrives. In New Zealand, bats seem to have reverted to the hunting techniques of their ancestors, and are shown tackling a weta on the ground. 3. "Plant Predators" Broadcast 4 December 2002, the next instalment looks at herbivorous mammals. The sloth is a leaf-eater, but it has compensated for the lack of nutriment in its diet by doing less (its reactions are a quarter the speed of a human's). This doesn't apply to all herbivores, which rely on bacteria in their stomachs to digest the leaves' cellulose. Plants can be poisonous, but tapirs — the largest inhabitant of the South American rainforest — deal with them by eating a little of each species and then supplementing it with kaolin. In East Africa, via infrared cameras, Attenborough observes a herd of elephants squeezing into a pitch black cave and gouging the walls with their tusks to mine salt for their diet. Grazing animals, such as caribou and wildebeest, must migrate at the onset of winter and make long journeys to find new pastures. Despite its spiny fortification, the acacia is favoured by antelope, elephants and giraffes, which all have adaptations to reach its leaves. Smaller grazers are always at risk from carnivores: so they have developed the means to detect and evade them, and do so more often than may be supposed. A herd of buffalo is shown defending one of their number by charging the lions attacking it. However, the horns of antelope are primarily used for fighting each other to determine rank within their group and to maintain a breeding ground. Topi are shown doing so to the point where they are so exhausted that they easily succumb to a pack of hyenas. 4. "Chisellers" Broadcast 11 December 2002, the fourth episode examines rodents, which are characterised by strong, sharp, continuously growing incisors. These enable the animals to eat food that others find impossible, such as nuts or wood, and have enabled them to become the most successful and numerous of all mammals. Attenborough visits the forests of Virginia, where the grey squirrels are able to differentiate between the acorns of the red oak and the white oak: eating the latter and storing the former. Seed-eaters can live almost anywhere, and the desert-dwelling kangaroo rat uses its cheek pouches to transport its supply back to its burrow. A family of beavers is shown in Wyoming. Their construction skills have enabled the building of a dam, which has given them a lake so they can safely swim and forage in the nearby woodland. Infrared cameras are installed in their lodge during winter and a pair of muskrats are revealed to be sharing it. Many rodents are nocturnal, and a porcupine is shown warning off a young leopard. The naked mole rat is a burrower that, like bees and ants but unlike any other rodent, lives colonially with castes of individuals. Rats and mice are the largest group of rodents, comprising some 1,300 species. They reproduce rapidly: a female house mouse can become pregnant at five weeks old, and a plague of the creatures is shown exploiting a grain store. The world's largest rodent is the capybara, a semi-aquatic animal from South America. 5. "Meat Eaters" Broadcast 18 December 2002, this programme is devoted to carnivorous mammals. Attenborough starts in the English countryside, where, besides humans farming sheep, a stoat chases and catches a rabbit. Meat is one of the most energy-rich foods there is, and there are several groups that eat it exclusively. Among the most prolific to do so are cats and dogs. Canine adaptations are varied, and are illustrated by the differences between fennecs and Arctic foxes. Meanwhile, the biggest concentration of meat occurs on the plains of Africa, and African hunting dogs are shown capturing a wildebeest with efficient teamwork. However, the largest wild canid is the wolf, and Attenborough successfully communicates with a pack of them in North America before they embark on an exhausting hunt for elk. Back in Africa, infrared cameras are used to examine the nocturnal activities of lions, which bring down a zebra. During the day, a solitary cheetah — the fastest animal on four legs — swiftly overtakes an impala and despatches it. One of the most adaptable of the big cats is the leopard, and infrared technology is again used to spot one of them as it searches an Indian village for domestic goats. As it does so, it comes dangerously close to the hut where Attenborough sits with his observation equipment. Finally, Attenborough visits the frozen North to witness the animal kingdom's most powerful predator, the Siberian tiger, albeit one that is held in captivity. 6. "The Opportunists" Broadcast 8 January 2003, the next instalment deals with those mammals that are omnivorous. Attenborough goes to a zoo in Atlanta to see the giant panda. He contrasts its restrictive diet of bamboo with the less selective forms of nutrition favoured by other species. The raccoon is among the most successful: its sensitive hands and inquisitive nature have enabled it to become extremely adaptable. To the other extreme, one of the scarcest omnivores is the babirusa, a kind of pig found in Indonesia. A good sense of smell is vital for such creatures and wild boars have become expert foragers. Foxes have gained a reputation for killing more chickens than they need to: in fact they demonstrate foresight by burying surplus food to eat later. Skunks visit a cave of bats and cross a carpet of guano to seek out the young that fall from the ceiling. The most formidable opportunists are grizzly bears, and Attenborough observes them fishing for migrating salmon in Alaska. Their feeding habits in the lead up to hibernation are discussed in detail. The replacement of natural habitats by modern cities and the extravagance of their human occupants have provided a rich source of sustenance for many. Raccoons, bears and foxes have all become well adapted to an urban lifestyle. However, in this regard, it is the brown rat that has become most abundant. Finally, Attenborough points out that it is the opportunistic traits of humans that have enabled them to dominate the world. 7. "Return to the Water" Broadcast 15 January 2003, this episode concentrates on marine dwellers. Astride an elephant, Attenborough highlights their love of water, before moving on to those that are completely at home in it. In proportion to their size, sea otters probably have the biggest appetites of any mammal, and Attenborough swims with them off the Californian coast. Their adaptations include webbed feet, which in one way or another (as flippers) are common to all sea-going mammals. Sea lions are shown leading their young into the water for the first time, and navigating entangling beds of kelp. In Antarctica, the differences between true seals and sea lions are illustrated: the former don't have the external ears or the mobility on land of the latter. Meanwhile, in the Arctic, ringed seal pups are prey to polar bears. Other pinnipeds shown include hooded seals and harbour seals. The manatee is a grazer descended from land-living herbivores and spends its entire life in the water. Near south-eastern America, there live dolphins that specialise in synchronically 'herding' fish on to the river banks before feeding. With the aid of computer animation, Attenborough walks the length of a blue whale — the largest creature on the planet — to demonstrate its vast physiology, and then travels alongside one in the open ocean. Whale song, and particularly that of humpback whales, is examined. The tumultuous breeding habits of southern right whales are shown off the shores of Patagonia. 8. "Life in the Trees" Broadcast 22 January 2003, the next programme surveys arboreal mammals. Attenborough's introduction takes place in the close company of meerkats. They work as a team, and one will always act as a lookout. For this it climbs to the highest point nearby, which in this instance proves to be Attenborough's shoulder. Up in the canopy of the tropical rainforest, there is a greater variety of food than anywhere else in the natural world, so it is unsurprising that many animals exist there. Sloths and coatis exemplify the skills needed to move around in such a habitat. Especially suited to ascending tree trunks are sun bears and tamanduas, the latter possessing a prehensile tail, something it has in common with the woolly monkey. The flying squirrel can leap a distance of 15 metres by virtue of the fur membrane between its wrist and ankle. A five million-strong colony of fruit bats is also shown, and little impact is made on their numbers by predatory eagles and crocodiles. Infrared cameras are again employed to study nocturnal lorises and lesser bushbabies. Their ancestral relatives reached the island of Madagascar, where they diversified and are known as lemurs. They are particularly adept at jumping, and their technique is analysed. They are hunted by the fossa, a kind of mongoose, which is a match for them athletically. In the forests of Southeast Asia can be found the "supreme tree-traveller", the fastest flightless inhabitants of the canopy in the world: gibbons. 9. "The Social Climbers" Broadcast 29 January 2003, the penultimate instalment focuses on monkeys. Together with apes (which includes humans), monkeys are part of the most social group of mammals. Their habits are rooted in relationships with others of their kind and a natural intelligence and inquisitiveness. Capuchins display all these qualities as they search for food. The differing face colours of the saki denote seniority within its group. The only nocturnal monkeys are douroucoulis and being active at night enables them to share the food resources of others in the same area. Different tamarin species are shown co-operating to alert each other to the presence of a common predator, a tayra. Monkeys have good colour vision, and howler monkeys use it to select non-toxic leaves to eat. Attenborough travels through the African jungle with an alliance of species: several types of monkey and even mongooses combine to watch out for danger. They have a different alarm call for each enemy and Attenborough demonstrates this by placing a stuffed leopard nearby. In Sri Lanka, the naturalist also spends time with a troop of toque macaques — one of the most studied groups of monkeys in the world. It has been discovered that the creatures are born into a class system, in which position brings privileges. When the world's climate changed 10 million years ago, some monkeys ventured into open grassland, and they are illustrated by some of the most resourceful: baboons and geladas. 10. "Food for Thought" Broadcast 5 February 2003, the final episode studies apes and the evolution of human society to its current state. In Borneo, rescued orangutans that have spent time with humans have learned to imitate their activities, and have done so entirely on their own initiative. They are shown hand-paddling a canoe, washing socks, and using a hammer and saw. In Africa, Attenborough encounters a group of orphaned chimpanzees that are being prepared for their return to the wild. Again, they display a great capacity for gaining knowledge and passing it on. A different chimp culture exists in Uganda, where a large concentration of rival males lives in an uneasy alliance that, in rare cases, can lead to extreme violence. In Tanzania, Attenborough examines some of the earliest footprints to have been left by man's upright-walking ancestors. In the Kalahari Desert, indigenous bushmen undertake a persistence hunt. It provides an illustration of how early man pursued his prey with no weapons. The domestication of cattle led to farms and then to villages. With vastly increased food supplies, the number of human beings multiplied. Ritual and the arts flourished, and villages became towns. Attenborough visits Tikal, the capital of the Maya people, who achieved sophisticated advances in architecture, mathematics and astronomy. However, the Maya couldn't sustain their population — and, Attenborough warns, we may be precariously close to a similar catastrophe. "Three and a half million years separate the individual who left these footprints in the sands of Africa from the one who left them on the moon. A mere blink in the eye of evolution. Using his burgeoning intelligence, this most successful of all mammals has exploited the environment to produce food for an ever-increasing population. In spite of disasters when civilisations have over-reached themselves, that process has continued, indeed accelerated, even today. Now mankind is looking for food, not just on this planet but on others. Perhaps the time has now come to put that process into reverse. Instead of controlling the environment for the benefit of the population, perhaps it's time we control the population to allow the survival of the environment." — David Attenborough, in closing Technical Specs Video Codec: DivX 5.1.1 Video Bitrate: 1794 kb/s Video Resolution: 688x384 Video Aspect Ratio: (1.79:1) [=43:24] Audio Codec: AC3 Audio BitRate: 192 kb/s (96/ch, stereo) CBR Audio Channels: 2 RunTime Per Part: ~50 minutes Number Of Parts: 10 Part Size: 700mb Ripped by Red Kite Kod:
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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
Supernatural Science
 Information BBC Worldwide and Discovery Channel 1999 The paranormal has fascinated believers and irritated sceptics for decades. The series uses archive video, expert interview, dramatic reconstruction and personal testimony to demystify strange phenomena and explore popular mythology in terms of current scientific understanding. Technical Specs Video Codec: Divx 5.21 Video Bitrate: 1790 kb/s Video Resolution: 656x480 (1.37:1) Video Aspect Ratio: 4:3 Audio Codec: MP3 Audio BitRate: 134 kb/s (67/ch, stereo) VBR 48000 Hz RunTime Per Part: 50m Number Of Parts: 7 Part Size: 700mb Ripped by jvt40 1. Lake Monsters Scotland’s Loch Ness Monster has eluded searchers for decades. Other reports of “sea serpents” have come from lakes in Norway and the U.S. Do Jurassic beasts haunt these waters? Or have witnesses been fooled by optical illusions and hoaxes?  Kod:
< linki wygasły - pebowicz5 > pass: calek The power of suggestion can be used to assist medical treatment, or to indoctrinate cult victims. This program examines the consequences of using – and abusing – this little-understood power.  Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/19958697/ssots.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19958761/ssots.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19958808/ssots.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19958856/ssots.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19958904/ssots.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19958964/ssots.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959019/ssots.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959050/ssots.part8.rar pass: calek Can the human body just burst into flame? Bizarre deaths caused by spontaneous human combustion have been reported for more than a century. Recently, forensic scientists have begun to develop a compelling explanation for this phenomenon.  Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/19959928/ssshc.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959995/ssshc.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19960058/ssshc.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19960110/ssshc.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19960145/ssshc.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19960203/ssshc.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19960258/ssshc.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19960278/ssshc.part8.rar pass: calek Dowsing is one of the oldest sciences, used to locate everything from freshwater springs to missing persons. It is also part of the panoply of alternative therapies. Medical dowsers move their hands over patients to diagnose and even heal illnesses. Many doctors ridicule the practice. But there are those who believe “therapeutic touch” has real benefits.  Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/19957745/sseh.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957794/sseh.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957834/sseh.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957889/sseh.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957945/sseh.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19958006/sseh.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19958076/sseh.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19958109/sseh.part8.rar pass: calek Channelers and mediums claim the ability to communicate with the dead. Scientists remain skeptical. But some researchers have come across a baffling phenomenon: young children with extraordinary knowledge of people who died before they were even born.  Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/19959491/sspl.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959558/sspl.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959624/sspl.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959680/sspl.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959743/sspl.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959796/sspl.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959845/sspl.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959863/sspl.part8.rar pass: calek The body is capable of incredible feats, some of which defy explanation. How, for example, can Tibetan monks sleep outdoors in freezing temperatures? This program reveals what these feats tell us about the real limits of human anatomy and psychology.  Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/19959100/sspf.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959149/sspf.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959193/sspf.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959246/sspf.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959292/sspf.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959342/sspf.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959410/sspf.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19959434/sspf.part8.rar pass: calek Ostatnio edytowane przez pebowicz5 ; 12.01.2010 o 12:13. |
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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
BBC - Building the Great Pyramid
 Information For four thousand years men have marvelled at the Great Pyramid of Giza and asked two questions: how was it built and why? To answer those questions we will travel back in time. By combining the latest archaeological research with the most up-to-date visual technology we can for the first time see the Pyramid through the eyes of the men who built it. Not quite documentary, not quite drama, this reenactment of a fictional conscript's life building the Great Pyramid of Giza is best described as docudrama. Omar Sharif voices the thoughts of the aged Nakht remembering the moment Egyptian soldiers drafted him into the king's service. The 57-minute film re-creates the boat trip up the Nile and his ascent through the ranks, from delivering water to helping haul 2.5-ton blocks up ramps for the king's tomb. Interspersed are narrator Michael Pennington's historical assertions, along with contrasting footage of what the pyramid looks like today. Technical Specs Video Codec: XviD MPEG-4 codec Video Bitrate: 1619 KB/s Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 Widescreen Video Resolution: 656 x 368 Audio Codec: FAST Multimedia AG DVM (Dolby AC3) Audio BitRate: 192 KB/s Audio Channels: 2 Ch RunTime: 00:57:41 Framerate: 29.97 FPS Number Of Parts: 1 Part Size: 747 MB Ripped by gavin63 Technical Specs Extras As above unless stated Video Bitrate: 1525 KB/s RunTime: 00:15 Number Of Parts: 1 Part Size: 175. MB Ripped by gavin63 Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/20269336/btgp.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20269417/btgp.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20269488/btgp.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20269589/btgp.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20269682/btgp.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20269754/btgp.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20269836/btgp.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20269905/btgp.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20269969/btgpe.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/20270015/btgpe.part2.rar pass: calek Ostatnio edytowane przez majkipl ; 12.03.2007 o 14:20. |
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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
Prehistoric America
 Information Journey through the long-vanished corners of prehistoric North America, beginning when man first entered the vast, unspoiled continent some 14,000 years ago, in this appealing BBC documentary. Witness ancient beasts, mammoths, mastodons, giant bears, and sabre-toothed cats, and see the legacies each has passed to their modern successors. Computer animation and digital effects bring to life mammoths, saber-toothed cats, giant ground sloths, short-faced bears, glyptodonts, and a plethora of smaller animals in a lush Ice Age mosaic. Discoveries from sites across America are the basis for the reconstructions. The BBC team behind "Blue Planet" and "Walking with Dinosaurs" now takes you back to an “early America” beyond imagination. Travel back 14,000 years as humans were first entering the continent, sharing it with ancient beasts. Technical Specs Video Codec: DivX 5.2.1 Video Bitrate: ~1800 kbps; 0.222 bits/pixel Video Resolution: 704x384 Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 Audio Codec: AC3 Audio BitRate: 192 kbps RunTime Per Part: 49 mins Number Of Parts: 6 Part Size: 700 mb Ripped by Xibalban Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/19954931/paep1.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19954998/paep1.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955068/paep1.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955135/paep1.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955178/paep1.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955239/paep1.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955292/paep1.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955312/paep1.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955363/paep2.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955421/paep2.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955490/paep2.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955557/paep2.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955605/paep2.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955674/paep2.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955772/paep2.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955803/paep2.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955872/paep3.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19955921/paep3.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956007/paep3.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956072/paep3.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956142/paep3.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956194/paep3.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956265/paep3.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956293/paep3.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956358/paep4.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956426/paep4.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956489/paep4.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956547/paep4.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956596/paep4.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956665/paep4.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956733/paep4.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956761/paep4.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956816/paep5.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956884/paep5.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19956946/paep5.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957026/paep5.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957089/paep5.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957136/paep5.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957206/paep5.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957259/paep5.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957322/paep6.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957386/paep6.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957438/paep6.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957509/paep6.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957549/paep6.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957613/paep6.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957671/paep6.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19957698/paep6.part8.rar pass: calek Ostatnio edytowane przez majkipl ; 12.03.2007 o 21:39. |
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12.02.2007, 00:47
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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
Journey of Life
 Information In a journey from sea, to land, to sky, life has evolved remarkable solutions to the challenge of survival. This series visits the crucial moments in life's journey to dominate the earth. 'Seas of Life' reveals that the basic blueprint of a brain, backbone, two legs and two arms was created in the ocean. 'Land Grab' follows life as it changes from a fish to a human; and 'Airborne' illustrates the four evolutions of flight. In 'Living Together', relationships - predatory, competitive and co-operative - are revealed. And in 'Human Life', the differences between us and chimps, phenomenally similar creatures, are examined. The latest graphic techniques recreate evolution before your very eyes, providing viewers with a spectacular representation of how life came to be. Technical Specs Video Source: DVD Video Codec: DivX5.1.1 Video Bitrate: 1490kb/s 25fps Qf.221 Video Resolution: 704x384 Video Aspect Ratio: 1.83:1 (~16:9) Audio Codec: AC3 Audio BitRate: 192kb/s Audio Channels: 2 RunTime Per Part: 58:00 Number Of Parts: 5 + Extras Part Size: 700MB Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/19768481/jolep1.part1.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19768855/jolep1.part2.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19769271/jolep1.part3.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19769717/jolep1.part4.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19770183/jolep1.part5.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19770572/jolep1.part6.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19770989/jolep1.part7.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19771178/jolep1.part8.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19771560/jolep2.part1.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19772027/jolep2.part2.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19772497/jolep2.part3.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19772875/jolep2.part4.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19773237/jolep2.part5.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19773660/jolep2.part6.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19774042/jolep2.part7.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19774698/jolep2.part8.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19775127/jolep3.part1.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19775516/jolep3.part2.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19775879/jolep3.part3.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19776252/jolep3.part4.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19776660/jolep3.part5.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19777070/jolep3.part6.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19777447/jolep3.part7.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19777655/jolep3.part8.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19778055/jolep4.part1.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19778399/jolep4.part2.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19778751/jolep4.part3.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19779074/jolep4.part4.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19779417/jolep4.part5.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19779778/jolep4.part6.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19780195/jolep4.part7.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19780345/jolep4.part8.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19780654/jolep5.part1.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19780960/jolep5.part2.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19781225/jolep5.part3.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19781525/jolep5.part4.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19781829/jolep5.part5.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19782202/jolep5.part6.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19782518/jolep5.part7.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19782644/jolep5.part8.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19782970/jolex1.part1.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19783250/jolex1.part2.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19783574/jolex1.part3.rar.html http://rapidshare.com/files/19783618/jolex1.part4.rar.html < linki wygasły - pebowicz5 > pass: calek Ostatnio edytowane przez pebowicz5 ; 12.01.2010 o 12:13. |
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12.02.2007, 00:48
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Odp: [RS] BBC Shows
In Search Of The Trojan War
 Information Homer wrote his epic, The Iliad, in 700 BC – 500 years after the Trojan Wars were supposed to have taken place. On what did he base his story? Where was Troy situated? Did Paris and Helen really exist? What was the significance of the famous wooden horse? Can archaeology help us to recreate a Bronze Age citadel which stood at the cross roads of the major trading routes of the day? Did the Trojan war ever happen,or was the city destroyed by natural causes?It's fascinated poets, painters and Hollywood directors for over 2,500 years. Join charismatic historian Michael Wood as he combs the cradle of civilization – from Greece to Turkey – and points beyond – Germany, Ireland and England – in search of archaeological evidence that may validate the fantastic battles immortalized in The Iliad. Over six hour-long programmes, Wood marshals the disparate strands of evidence to present as fully rounded a portrait as possible of both the historical and the legendary city of Troy, its central place in Western culture, and the Mycenaean Age itself. From Schliemann's initial cavalier bulldozing of the mound at Hisarlik, to Homer's epics, the Hittite Empire, and the role of slave women, Wood journeys back and forth across the Aegean and elsewhere to illuminate the dawn of Western literature, myth, and history. The trail is not easy to follow and Michael hits various dead ends and dramatic twists before he finds an answer to the question which has obsessed scholars for more than a century. This six part series was originally broadcast in 1985 on BBC Two and won the Silver Plaque Award at the Chicago International Film Festival. Technical Specs Video Codec: DivX 5.2.1 Video Bitrate: 1440-1575 kbps Video Resolution: 576x432 Video Aspect Ratio: 4:3 Audio Codec: AC3 Audio BitRate: 192kbps RunTime Per Part: 55-60 mins Number Of Parts: 6 (+ Extra) Part Size: 700 MB (+ 350mb) Ripped by Xibalban Kod:
http://rapidshare.com/files/19947671/isottwep1.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19947728/isottwep1.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19947785/isottwep1.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19947861/isottwep1.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19947980/isottwep1.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948073/isottwep1.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948128/isottwep1.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948162/isottwep1.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948227/isottwep2.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948298/isottwep2.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948355/isottwep2.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948411/isottwep2.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948465/isottwep2.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948521/isottwep2.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948606/isottwep2.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948630/isottwep2.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948713/isottwep3.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948782/isottwep3.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948853/isottwep3.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948933/isottwep3.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19948988/isottwep3.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949054/isottwep3.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949123/isottwep3.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949160/isottwep3.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949216/isottwep4.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949275/isottwep4.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949345/isottwep4.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949391/isottwep4.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949454/isottwep4.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949519/isottwep4.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949586/isottwep4.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949611/isottwep4.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949672/isottwep5.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949731/isottwep5.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949800/isottwep5.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949861/isottwep5.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949945/isottwep5.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19949997/isottwep5.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950075/isottwep5.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950113/isottwep5.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950180/isottwep6.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950267/isottwep6.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950332/isottwep6.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950384/isottwep6.part4.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950479/isottwep6.part5.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950544/isottwep6.part6.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950626/isottwep6.part7.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950662/isottwep6.part8.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950749/isottwex.part1.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950818/isottwex.part2.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950874/isottwex.part3.rar http://rapidshare.com/files/19950955/isottwex.part4.rar pass: calek Ostatnio edytowane przez majkipl ; 12.03.2007 o 21:43. |
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